CAOURSIN, Guillaume. Obsidionis Rhodiae urbis descriptio.
[Rome, Eucharius Silber, 1481. – 1483 circa]
4to. 203 x 143 mm. Sewing binding. 12 unnumbered leaves. Collation: [a-b6], 33 lines per page. Romano Antiqua 88 R1 type. Illuminated initial in gold, green, red and blue, with extensions with floral motifs in the margin. Handwritten annotation in Italian in a 19th-century hand on the first flyleaf. On the upper cover, an ancient inscription in black ink “Corsin Guglielmo / L’Assedio di Rodi”. Ex libris “Bonchristiano” glued to the inside cover. Slight foxing on the first and last leaves.
Extremely rare edition, the first printed in Rome. A first-hand document describing the Turkish siege of the island of Rhodes, valiantly defended by the Knights Hospitaller in 1480. The work is written by an eyewitness to the events, the Vice-Chancellor of the Hospitaller Order, who accurately describes them. In May 1480, Turkish galleys under the command of Sultan Mohammed (Mehmet) besieged the island of Rhodes, home of the Order of Saint John. Forty thousand Turks attempted to conquer it. The siege lasted three months, and the Ottoman army was ultimately defeated, despite its numerical superiority, by the hard-pressed Order of Saint John. Tradition holds that in the final battle, victory was not in favor of either side, who fought bravely. The heavens opened, and the figures of the Blessed Virgin Mary and Saint John the Baptist, patron saint of the Order, struck such terror into the Turks that the Christian troops routed them and achieved their desired victory.
The Frenchman William of Cauorsin, c. 1430–1501, Vice-Chancellor of the Order of Saint John, was one of the knights who fought in the siege of Rhodes. The victorious defense strengthened the Order's prestige and used the new technology of printing for propaganda purposes, according to the Museum of the Order of Saint John. The "Descriptio" not only fueled Western Europe's hunger for news of a major Christian victory in the ongoing war with the Turks, but also helped shape public perception of the Hospitallers. Caoursin wrote in a humanistic style, sacrificing military terminology to appeal to a cultured audience; within a few years, however, his Latin text became the basis for vernacular versions, which also became widely circulated. Modern historians recognize the contribution that the Ottoman siege of Rhodes in 1480 made to the development of military technology, particularly the science of fortifications.
On folio b5 verso, the miraculous heavenly apparition of the Madonna and Saint John the Baptist that turned the tide of the battle is mentioned.
Copy owned by Antônio Bonchristiano, an prominet collector of rare and valuable ancient books, with a private library in São Paulo, Brazil.
HC 4358; IGI 2420; BMC IV,119; GW 6009; Goff C110; Bod-inc C-051. Only 7 copies registered by ISTC, three of which are in Italy.